To answer "What is the minimum software that needs to be installed to recognize the midi device?," an answer may be "VirtualMIDISynth" by Coolsoft. A web search will locate this. I used this to simply be able to play decent piano sounds, using the computer keyboard. There is a general arrangement mapping piano keyboard to qwerty computer keyboard.
This sounds simple but it is actually pretty involved. You need some software to read the input notes and produce a sound that will come out of the speakers. It has to know what sound to play, and where to send the sound. For the input device, you need a driver. These all need to play nice together.
VirtualMIDISynth was developed to make this easier than it otherwise is, and have good sounds. [Windows has a built in midi player but it is cartoony sounding.]
If you get this installed, it may be easy to plug your Carbon in, and have it be recognized as the input device / midi "event generator."
The information at their website is pretty good for those new to all of this.
I think a good plan would be to get up and running with something like this, especially using free stuff. Then, as you figure out how it all works, then considering the upgrades and add-ons. They will make sense once you see how the complicated set-up works.
From that, you may want to figure out DAW, a digital audio work station, which can do a lot including composing and audio mixing and recording. There is the "VST" format in which any number of different types of virtual instruments might be made, but they follow the "VST" format and need to be in a "VST host," like a keurig pod needs to be in a Keurig machine to give you a cup of coffee, or tea, or hot cocoa. The DAW is the VST host.
DAWs are complicated. A well-known one, for free, is "reaper," at reaper dot fm.
I think if you goofed around with that, you would end up knowing what you want and need in a DAW, and then would be in a good position to shop for a more professional or complete DAW, as they go from $100 to $1,000 and beyond.
The VST world is awesome - you want a full, great-sounding pipe organ? Just download. Mellotron? Modular synth? replication of a Yamaha CS80? Realistic sax? Just download. Be forewarned that there is no end to what a decent computer and DAW can allow you to play, via these VSTs.