Making the changes
If I understand you right, you ask about what´s the main different between blues and jazz impro. This is off course a big question but here are some quick opinions.
1. You use more different scales. In the blues you use mostly the blues scale and some variations of those. In jazz there are many more scales like the Lydian, mixolydian, holetone scale, altered scale, etc.
2. You often change scales when you change chords, and the the listener should often be able to "hear the chord" just from listening to the improviced line. This is often referred to as "making the changes".
3 You ad more different colored notes to the voicings.
4. The improviced lines are more often singe notes and are not so repetative as in the blues.
This is off course a very simplification of the subject, but it´s something to get you started. To understand this concepts and how they are used. Transcribe, transcribe and transcribe
Torry